Comparisons of the immunological landscape between COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus patients by clustering analysis
Background: COVID-19 has stronger infectivity and a higher risk for severity than most other contagious respiratory illnesses. The mechanisms underlying this difference remain unclear. Methods: We compared the immunological landscape between COVID-19 and two other contagious respiratory illnesses (influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) by clustering analysis of the three diseases based on 27 immune signatures’ scores. Results: We identified three immune subtypes: Immunity-H, Immunity-M, and Immunity-L, which displayed high, medium, and low immune signatures, respectively. We found 20%, 35.5%, and 44.5% of COVID-19 cases included in Immunity-H, Immunity-M, and Immunity-L, respectively; all influenza cases were included in Immunity-H; 66.7% and 33.3% of RSV cases belonged to Immunity-H and Immunity-L, respectively. These data indicate that most COVID-19 patients have weaker immune signatures than influenza and RSV patients, as evidenced by 22 of the 27 immune signatures having lower enrichment scores in COVID-19 than in influenza and/or RSV. The Immunity-M COVID-19 patients had the highest expression levels of ACE2 and IL-6 and lowest viral loads and were the youngest. In contrast, the Immunity-H COVID-19 patients had the lowest expression levels of ACE2 and IL-6 and highest viral loads and were the oldest. Most immune signatures had lower enrichment levels in the intensive care unit (ICU) than in non-ICU patients. Gene ontology analysis showed that the innate and adaptive immune responses were significantly downregulated in COVID-19 versus healthy individuals. Conclusions: Compared to influenza and RSV, COVID-19 displayed significantly different immunological profiles. Elevated immune signatures are associated with better prognosis in COVID-19 patients..
Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
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Erschienen: |
2021 |
Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:19 |
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Enthalten in: |
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal - 19(2021), Seite 2347-2355 |
Sprache: |
Englisch |
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Beteiligte Personen: |
Zeinab Abdelrahman [VerfasserIn] |
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Links: |
doi.org [kostenfrei] |
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Themen: |
Biotechnology |
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doi: |
10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.043 |
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funding: |
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Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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PPN (Katalog-ID): |
DOAJ016543149 |
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520 | |a Background: COVID-19 has stronger infectivity and a higher risk for severity than most other contagious respiratory illnesses. The mechanisms underlying this difference remain unclear. Methods: We compared the immunological landscape between COVID-19 and two other contagious respiratory illnesses (influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) by clustering analysis of the three diseases based on 27 immune signatures’ scores. Results: We identified three immune subtypes: Immunity-H, Immunity-M, and Immunity-L, which displayed high, medium, and low immune signatures, respectively. We found 20%, 35.5%, and 44.5% of COVID-19 cases included in Immunity-H, Immunity-M, and Immunity-L, respectively; all influenza cases were included in Immunity-H; 66.7% and 33.3% of RSV cases belonged to Immunity-H and Immunity-L, respectively. These data indicate that most COVID-19 patients have weaker immune signatures than influenza and RSV patients, as evidenced by 22 of the 27 immune signatures having lower enrichment scores in COVID-19 than in influenza and/or RSV. The Immunity-M COVID-19 patients had the highest expression levels of ACE2 and IL-6 and lowest viral loads and were the youngest. In contrast, the Immunity-H COVID-19 patients had the lowest expression levels of ACE2 and IL-6 and highest viral loads and were the oldest. Most immune signatures had lower enrichment levels in the intensive care unit (ICU) than in non-ICU patients. Gene ontology analysis showed that the innate and adaptive immune responses were significantly downregulated in COVID-19 versus healthy individuals. Conclusions: Compared to influenza and RSV, COVID-19 displayed significantly different immunological profiles. Elevated immune signatures are associated with better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. | ||
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