食品安全和环境问题中Knobe effect的中日比较研究 : = Comparative Study on the Knobe Effect Between China and Japan Related to Food Safety and Environmental Issues
当行为产生的外部性为正时,人们认为行为实施者是无意为之;反之,当产生负外部性时,人们则认为行为实施者是有意为之。这一意图判断的不对称现象被称为诺布效应(Knobe effect)。本文将实验哲学与实验经济学有机融合起来,以猪肉生产企业为案例,就其生产行为是否有意破坏(改善)生态环境以及是否有意破坏(改善)猪肉质量安全,分别在中国、日本招募大学生进行意图判断实验,以验证是否存在Knobe effect。为了确保实验参与者回答的真实性,在实验中导入以凯恩斯选美理论(Keynes beauty contest)为基准的金钱报酬机制,并且在行为实施者——企业——实施增加企业盈利的行为前加入了新的构想,即在实验中实验参与者不仅进行了选择,还预测了其他实验参与者的回答,从而检测验证在食品安全问题中是否存在Knobe effect现象。本文以猪肉的生产为案例在日本与中国进行了比较研究,获得了四个结论。结论一:当外部性为负时,人们普遍认为猪肉生产者有意图去损害消费者的利益,当外部性为正时,则认为猪肉生产者无意图去改善消费者利益,这一结论证明了Knobe effect跨文化的普遍性;结论二:无论事前是否确切知道外部性所造成的行为结果,仍然存在Knobe effect,但是意图判断与外部性的结果存在依存关系;结论三:对同一事例进行个人意图判断评价和他人对于这一事例的意图判断评价做出预测时,如当外部性为负(正)时,自己对于此外部性认为是有意图的(无意图的),对他人的意图判断评价进行预测倾向于他人也同意或支持自己的判断;结论四:因中国与日本经济发展阶段不同,人们关注的问题也有所不同,即在中国,人们对于食品安全问题中负外部性事例的意图判断程度比环境问题中的高,而在日本则反之,日本更加注重环境方面。.
If the externality generated by a behavior is positive,people often think that the actor behind such behavior is acting unintentionally. By contrast,if negative externality is generated,people tend to believe that the actor behind such behavior is acting intentionally. The asymmetry of this judgment of intention is known as the Knobe effect. The present study combines both experimental philosophy and experimental economics,and uses pork production enterprises as the object of study to test whether their production behavior intentionally destroys( or improves) the ecological environment. Similarly,whether such behavior intentionally endangers( or enhances) pork quality and safety will be examined. College students from China and Japan were recruited to participate in the intention judgment experiment, and to verify the existence of the Knobe effect. In order to ensure the authenticity of all participants' responses in the experiment,a monetary reward mechanism based on the Keynesian beauty contest was included in the experimental design. Additionally,new elements for the experimental design were added prior to enterprises engaging in the behavior of enhancing profits or,in other words,all participants in the experiment not only made their choices but also predicted the answers and responses of other participants,thus verifying whether the Knobe effect exists with regard to food safety issues. Following a comparison of pork production in Japan and China,the present study reached the following conclusions.( 1) When the externality is negative,it is generally believed that pork producers have the intention to damage the interests of the consumers. When the externality is positive, pork producers do not show such intention. This finding demonstrated cross-cultural universality of the Knobe effect.( 2) The Knobe effect still exists regardless of whether people are aware of behavior consequences caused by externalities beforehand,although intention judgment and the effect of externalities are interdependent.( 3) When people make their own intention judgment about a particular case,or make predictions about others' intention judgment of the same case,if the externality is negative( positive),the corresponding behavior is often considered intentional( unintentional). Also,people tend to believe that others agree with or support their judgments.( 4) Due to the different stages of economic development in China and Japan,people' s concerns also varied. In China,negative externalities of food safety issues received more intention judgment than those of environmental issues,whereas the opposite was true in Japan( i. e.,environmental issues receive more intention judgment)..
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2019-12-31 2019 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2019-12-31 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2019 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Zhong guo shi pin an quan zhi li ping lun - (2019), 02 vom: 31. Dez., Seite 93-109+192-193 Original Letters: Enthalten in 中国食品安全治理评论 (DE-600)3040170-7 (DE-600)3040170-7 北京市 |
| Reihe: |
China Academic Journals (CAJ), J, 经济与管理科学 = Economics & Management |
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| Sprache: |
Chinesisch |
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| Weiterer Titel: |
Comparative Study on the Knobe Effect Between China and Japan Related to Food Safety and Environmental Issues |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
周艳 [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
oversea.cnki.net [lizenzpflichtig] |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Author info:Zhou Yan;Zhu Dian;Wu Linhai;Sobei H.Oda |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
CAJ622431714 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a 食品安全和环境问题中Knobe effect的中日比较研究 |b = Comparative Study on the Knobe Effect Between China and Japan Related to Food Safety and Environmental Issues |
| 246 | 3 | 1 | |a Comparative Study on the Knobe Effect Between China and Japan Related to Food Safety and Environmental Issues |
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| 490 | 0 | |a China Academic Journals (CAJ) |a J |a 经济与管理科学 = Economics & Management | |
| 500 | |a Author info:Zhou Yan;Zhu Dian;Wu Linhai;Sobei H.Oda | ||
| 520 | |a 当行为产生的外部性为正时,人们认为行为实施者是无意为之;反之,当产生负外部性时,人们则认为行为实施者是有意为之。这一意图判断的不对称现象被称为诺布效应(Knobe effect)。本文将实验哲学与实验经济学有机融合起来,以猪肉生产企业为案例,就其生产行为是否有意破坏(改善)生态环境以及是否有意破坏(改善)猪肉质量安全,分别在中国、日本招募大学生进行意图判断实验,以验证是否存在Knobe effect。为了确保实验参与者回答的真实性,在实验中导入以凯恩斯选美理论(Keynes beauty contest)为基准的金钱报酬机制,并且在行为实施者——企业——实施增加企业盈利的行为前加入了新的构想,即在实验中实验参与者不仅进行了选择,还预测了其他实验参与者的回答,从而检测验证在食品安全问题中是否存在Knobe effect现象。本文以猪肉的生产为案例在日本与中国进行了比较研究,获得了四个结论。结论一:当外部性为负时,人们普遍认为猪肉生产者有意图去损害消费者的利益,当外部性为正时,则认为猪肉生产者无意图去改善消费者利益,这一结论证明了Knobe effect跨文化的普遍性;结论二:无论事前是否确切知道外部性所造成的行为结果,仍然存在Knobe effect,但是意图判断与外部性的结果存在依存关系;结论三:对同一事例进行个人意图判断评价和他人对于这一事例的意图判断评价做出预测时,如当外部性为负(正)时,自己对于此外部性认为是有意图的(无意图的),对他人的意图判断评价进行预测倾向于他人也同意或支持自己的判断;结论四:因中国与日本经济发展阶段不同,人们关注的问题也有所不同,即在中国,人们对于食品安全问题中负外部性事例的意图判断程度比环境问题中的高,而在日本则反之,日本更加注重环境方面。 | ||
| 520 | |a If the externality generated by a behavior is positive,people often think that the actor behind such behavior is acting unintentionally. By contrast,if negative externality is generated,people tend to believe that the actor behind such behavior is acting intentionally. The asymmetry of this judgment of intention is known as the Knobe effect. The present study combines both experimental philosophy and experimental economics,and uses pork production enterprises as the object of study to test whether their production behavior intentionally destroys( or improves) the ecological environment. Similarly,whether such behavior intentionally endangers( or enhances) pork quality and safety will be examined. College students from China and Japan were recruited to participate in the intention judgment experiment, and to verify the existence of the Knobe effect. In order to ensure the authenticity of all participants' responses in the experiment,a monetary reward mechanism based on the Keynesian beauty contest was included in the experimental design. Additionally,new elements for the experimental design were added prior to enterprises engaging in the behavior of enhancing profits or,in other words,all participants in the experiment not only made their choices but also predicted the answers and responses of other participants,thus verifying whether the Knobe effect exists with regard to food safety issues. Following a comparison of pork production in Japan and China,the present study reached the following conclusions.( 1) When the externality is negative,it is generally believed that pork producers have the intention to damage the interests of the consumers. When the externality is positive, pork producers do not show such intention. This finding demonstrated cross-cultural universality of the Knobe effect.( 2) The Knobe effect still exists regardless of whether people are aware of behavior consequences caused by externalities beforehand,although intention judgment and the effect of externalities are interdependent.( 3) When people make their own intention judgment about a particular case,or make predictions about others' intention judgment of the same case,if the externality is negative( positive),the corresponding behavior is often considered intentional( unintentional). Also,people tend to believe that others agree with or support their judgments.( 4) Due to the different stages of economic development in China and Japan,people' s concerns also varied. In China,negative externalities of food safety issues received more intention judgment than those of environmental issues,whereas the opposite was true in Japan( i. e.,environmental issues receive more intention judgment). | ||
| 610 | 2 | 4 | |a 苏州大学商学院 |
| 610 | 2 | 4 | |a 江南大学食品安全风险治理研究院 |
| 610 | 2 | 4 | |a 日本京都产业大学经济学部 |
| 650 | 4 | |a 农业计划与管理 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a 中国农业经济 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a 农业经济 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a 经济 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Agriculture Economy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a 理工B(化学化工冶金环境矿业) | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a 经济与管理科学 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Economics & Management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a 食品安全 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Knobe effect | |
| 650 | 4 | |a 意图判断 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a 实验经济学 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a 实验哲学 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food Safety | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Knobe Effect | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Intention Judgment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Experimental Economics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Experimental Philosophy | |
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