Printed and Flexible ECG Electrodes Attached to the Steering Wheel for Continuous Health Monitoring during Driving / Joana M. Warnecke, Nagarajan Ganapathy, Eugen Koch, Andreas Dietzel, Maximilian Flormann, Roman Henze and Thomas M. Deserno
Continuous health monitoring in a vehicle enables the earlier detection of symptoms of cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we designed flexible and thin electrodes made of polyurethane for long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring while driving. We determined the time for reliable ECG recording to evaluate the effectiveness of the electrodes. We recorded data from 19 subjects under four scenarios: rest, city, highway, and rural. The recording time was five min for rest and 15 min for the other scenarios. The total recording (950 min) is publicly available under a CC BY-ND 4.0 license. We used the simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) algorithm to detect the position of R-waves. Then, we derived the RR intervals to compare the estimated heart rate with the ground truth, which we obtained from ECG electrodes on the chest. We calculated the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and averaged it for the different scenarios. Highway had the lowest SNR (-6.69 dB) and rural had the highest (-6.80 dB). The usable time of the steering wheel was 42.46% (city), 46.67% (highway), and 47.72% (rural). This indicates that steering-wheel-based ECG recording is feasible and delivers reliable recordings from about 45.62% of the driving time. In summary, the developed electrodes allow continuous in-vehicle heart rate monitoring, and our publicly available recordings provide the opportunity to apply more sophisticated data analytics..
| Medienart: |
E-Book |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
Basel: MDPI$n ; 2022 Braunschweig: Universitätsbibliothek ; 2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Sensors : Special Issue Sensors toward Unobtrusive Health Monitoring II - 22 (2022) 11, 4198 S |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Warnecke, Joana M. [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de [kostenfrei] |
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| Themen: |
Automobile Driving |
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| Umfang: |
1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten) |
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| doi: |
10.3390/s22114198 |
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| Weitere IDs: |
urn:nbn:de:gbv:084-2022112412033 |
| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
1826594337 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Printed and Flexible ECG Electrodes Attached to the Steering Wheel for Continuous Health Monitoring during Driving |c Joana M. Warnecke, Nagarajan Ganapathy, Eugen Koch, Andreas Dietzel, Maximilian Flormann, Roman Henze and Thomas M. Deserno |
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| 520 | |a Continuous health monitoring in a vehicle enables the earlier detection of symptoms of cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we designed flexible and thin electrodes made of polyurethane for long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring while driving. We determined the time for reliable ECG recording to evaluate the effectiveness of the electrodes. We recorded data from 19 subjects under four scenarios: rest, city, highway, and rural. The recording time was five min for rest and 15 min for the other scenarios. The total recording (950 min) is publicly available under a CC BY-ND 4.0 license. We used the simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) algorithm to detect the position of R-waves. Then, we derived the RR intervals to compare the estimated heart rate with the ground truth, which we obtained from ECG electrodes on the chest. We calculated the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and averaged it for the different scenarios. Highway had the lowest SNR (-6.69 dB) and rural had the highest (-6.80 dB). The usable time of the steering wheel was 42.46% (city), 46.67% (highway), and 47.72% (rural). This indicates that steering-wheel-based ECG recording is feasible and delivers reliable recordings from about 45.62% of the driving time. In summary, the developed electrodes allow continuous in-vehicle heart rate monitoring, and our publicly available recordings provide the opportunity to apply more sophisticated data analytics. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Automobile Driving | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Digital Prevention | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Electrocardiography | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Electrodes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health Monitoring | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Heart Rate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Humans | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Monitoring, Physiologic | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Printed Electrodes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Smart Car | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Ganapathy, Nagarajan |e verfasserin |0 (DE-588)1251424856 |0 (DE-627)1789068606 |4 aut | |
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