The microglial lysosomal system in Alzheimer's disease : Guardian against proteinopathy
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved..
Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells, play an essential role in the upkeep of brain homeostasis. They actively adapt into specific activation states based on cues from the microenvironment. One of these encompasses the activated response microglia (ARMs) phenotype. It arises along a healthy aging process and in a range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). As the phenotype is characterized by an increased lipid metabolism, phagocytosis rate, lysosomal protease content and secretion of neuroprotective agents, it leaves to reason that the phenotype is adapted in an attempt to restore homeostasis. This is important to the conundrum of inflammatory processes. Inflammation per se may not be deleterious; it is only when microglial reactions become chronic or the microglial subtype is made dysfunctional by (multiple) risk proteins with single-nucleotide polymorphisms that microglial involvement becomes deleterious instead of beneficial. Interestingly, the ARMs up- and downregulate many late-onset AD-associated risk factor genes, the products of which are particularly active in the endolysosomal system. Hence, in this review, we focus on how the endolysosomal system is placed at the crossroad of inflammation and microglial capacity to keep pace with degradation.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
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| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:71 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Ageing research reviews - 71(2021) vom: 15. Nov., Seite 101444 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Van Acker, Zoë P [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Endolysosomal homeostasis |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 11.10.2021 Date Revised 11.10.2021 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.arr.2021.101444 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM329356933 |
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| 520 | |a Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells, play an essential role in the upkeep of brain homeostasis. They actively adapt into specific activation states based on cues from the microenvironment. One of these encompasses the activated response microglia (ARMs) phenotype. It arises along a healthy aging process and in a range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). As the phenotype is characterized by an increased lipid metabolism, phagocytosis rate, lysosomal protease content and secretion of neuroprotective agents, it leaves to reason that the phenotype is adapted in an attempt to restore homeostasis. This is important to the conundrum of inflammatory processes. Inflammation per se may not be deleterious; it is only when microglial reactions become chronic or the microglial subtype is made dysfunctional by (multiple) risk proteins with single-nucleotide polymorphisms that microglial involvement becomes deleterious instead of beneficial. Interestingly, the ARMs up- and downregulate many late-onset AD-associated risk factor genes, the products of which are particularly active in the endolysosomal system. Hence, in this review, we focus on how the endolysosomal system is placed at the crossroad of inflammation and microglial capacity to keep pace with degradation | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Review | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Endolysosomal homeostasis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Membrane transport | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Microglia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Phagocytosis | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Bretou, Marine |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Annaert, Wim |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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