Distinct roles of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms for establishing tension and elasticity during cell morphodynamics
© 2021, Weißenbruch et al..
Nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is an integral part of essential cellular processes, including adhesion and migration. Mammalian cells express up to three isoforms termed NM IIA, B, and C. We used U2OS cells to create CRISPR/Cas9-based knockouts of all three isoforms and analyzed the phenotypes on homogenously coated surfaces, in collagen gels, and on micropatterned substrates. In contrast to homogenously coated surfaces, a structured environment supports a cellular phenotype with invaginated actin arcs even in the absence of NM IIA-induced contractility. A quantitative shape analysis of cells on micropatterns combined with a scale-bridging mathematical model reveals that NM IIA is essential to build up cellular tension during initial stages of force generation, while NM IIB is necessary to elastically stabilize NM IIA-generated tension. A dynamic cell stretch/release experiment in a three-dimensional scaffold confirms these conclusions and in addition reveals a novel role for NM IIC, namely the ability to establish tensional homeostasis.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
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| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:10 |
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| Enthalten in: |
eLife - 10(2021) vom: 10. Aug. |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Weißenbruch, Kai [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 14.10.2021 Date Revised 14.10.2021 published: Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.7554/eLife.71888 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM329184202 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Distinct roles of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms for establishing tension and elasticity during cell morphodynamics |
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| 500 | |a published: Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © 2021, Weißenbruch et al. | ||
| 520 | |a Nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is an integral part of essential cellular processes, including adhesion and migration. Mammalian cells express up to three isoforms termed NM IIA, B, and C. We used U2OS cells to create CRISPR/Cas9-based knockouts of all three isoforms and analyzed the phenotypes on homogenously coated surfaces, in collagen gels, and on micropatterned substrates. In contrast to homogenously coated surfaces, a structured environment supports a cellular phenotype with invaginated actin arcs even in the absence of NM IIA-induced contractility. A quantitative shape analysis of cells on micropatterns combined with a scale-bridging mathematical model reveals that NM IIA is essential to build up cellular tension during initial stages of force generation, while NM IIB is necessary to elastically stabilize NM IIA-generated tension. A dynamic cell stretch/release experiment in a three-dimensional scaffold confirms these conclusions and in addition reveals a novel role for NM IIC, namely the ability to establish tensional homeostasis | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 650 | 4 | |a NM II isoforms | |
| 650 | 4 | |a actomyosin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a cell biology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a cell shape | |
| 650 | 4 | |a contractility | |
| 650 | 4 | |a human | |
| 650 | 4 | |a intracellular forces | |
| 650 | 4 | |a mathematical modeling | |
| 650 | 4 | |a physics of living systems | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Grewe, Justin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hippler, Marc |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fladung, Magdalena |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tremmel, Moritz |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Stricker, Kathrin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schwarz, Ulrich Sebastian |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bastmeyer, Martin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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