Executive Function After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Children in a South African Population : Cross-sectional Study
©Jacobus Gidion Louw, Alastair van Heerden, Leana Olivier, Tersius Lambrechts, Mandi Broodryk, Liska Bunge, Martlé Vosloo, Mark Tomlinson. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 02.07.2021..
BACKGROUND: Alcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol.
METHODS: Children both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low-socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable.
RESULTS: No significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms.
CONCLUSIONS: We expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low-socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/14489.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
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| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:5 |
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| Enthalten in: |
JMIR formative research - 5(2021), 7 vom: 02. Juli, Seite e20658 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Louw, Jacobus Gidion [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Alcohol |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 04.08.2021 published: Electronic Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.2196/20658 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM32801334X |
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| 520 | |a ©Jacobus Gidion Louw, Alastair van Heerden, Leana Olivier, Tersius Lambrechts, Mandi Broodryk, Liska Bunge, Martlé Vosloo, Mark Tomlinson. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 02.07.2021. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: Alcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: Children both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low-socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: No significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: We expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low-socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development | ||
| 520 | |a INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/14489 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a FASD | |
| 650 | 4 | |a alcohol | |
| 650 | 4 | |a brain drug effects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a child development | |
| 650 | 4 | |a cognitive | |
| 650 | 4 | |a executive function | |
| 650 | 4 | |a experimental games | |
| 650 | 4 | |a fetal alcohol spectrum disorders | |
| 650 | 4 | |a games | |
| 650 | 4 | |a serious games | |
| 650 | 4 | |a training | |
| 700 | 1 | |a van Heerden, Alastair |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Olivier, Leana |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lambrechts, Tersius |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Broodryk, Mandi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bunge, Liska |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vosloo, Martlé |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tomlinson, Mark |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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