Basic concepts and unique features of human circadian rhythms : implications for human health

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissionsoup.com..

Most physiological functions and behaviors exhibit a robust approximately 24-hour rhythmicity (circadian rhythm) in the real world. These rhythms persist under constant conditions, but the period is slightly longer than 24 hours, suggesting that circadian rhythms are endogenously driven by an internal, self-sustained oscillator. In mammals, including humans, the central circadian pacemaker is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. The primary zeitgeber for this pacemaker is bright sunlight, but nonphotic time cues also affect circadian rhythms. The human circadian system uniquely exhibits spontaneous internal desynchronization between the sleep-wake cycle and core body temperature rhythm under constant conditions and partial entrainment of the sleep-wake cycle in response to nonphotic time cues. Experimental and clinical studies of human circadian rhythms must take into account these unique features. This review covers the basic concepts and unique features of the human circadian system, the mechanisms underlying phase adjustment of the circadian rhythms by light and nonphotic time cues (eg, physical exercise), and the effects of eating behavior (eg, chewing frequency) on the circadian rhythm of glucose metabolism.

Medienart:

E-Artikel

Erscheinungsjahr:

2020

Erschienen:

2020

Enthalten in:

Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:78

Enthalten in:

Nutrition reviews - 78(2020), 12 Suppl 2 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 91-96

Sprache:

Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:

Yamanaka, Yujiro [VerfasserIn]

Links:

Volltext

Themen:

Bright light
Circadian rhythms
Exercise
Glucose
Glucose metabolism
IY9XDZ35W2
Journal Article
Mastication
Review

Anmerkungen:

Date Completed 06.05.2021

Date Revised 06.05.2021

published: Print

Citation Status MEDLINE

doi:

10.1093/nutrit/nuaa072

funding:

Förderinstitution / Projekttitel:

PPN (Katalog-ID):

NLM318259249