Associative Learning Processes in the Formation of Intergroup Anxiety and Avoidance in Society
Laboratory-based aversive conditioning studies have reliably induced fear toward an image of an outgroup member by pairing the image with a fear-inducing, aversive stimulus. However, laboratory-based studies have been criticized for being simplistic in comparison to the complexities of the real world. The current study is the first to apply an aversive conditioning framework to explain the formation of intergroup fear and subsequent anxiety toward, and avoidance of, the outgroup outside the laboratory. Two samples recalled details of their first negative encounter with an African American (N = 554) or Muslim (N = 613) individual, respectively. Congruent with learning theory, participants who reported an unpleasant event with an outgroup member reported more fear during the encounter than did those who did not report experiencing an unpleasant event. Additionally, the intensity of unpleasantness during the first encounter indirectly predicted outgroup avoidance, via retrospectively recalled fear and current levels of intergroup anxiety.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:124 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Psychological reports - 124(2021), 6 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 2587-2612 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
O'Donnell, Alexander W [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
Classical conditioning |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 23.11.2021 Date Revised 23.11.2021 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1177/0033294120965472 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM316508411 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM316508411 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20231225161232.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231225s2021 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1177/0033294120965472 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1054.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM316508411 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)33081583 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a O'Donnell, Alexander W |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Associative Learning Processes in the Formation of Intergroup Anxiety and Avoidance in Society |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2021 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 23.11.2021 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 23.11.2021 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Laboratory-based aversive conditioning studies have reliably induced fear toward an image of an outgroup member by pairing the image with a fear-inducing, aversive stimulus. However, laboratory-based studies have been criticized for being simplistic in comparison to the complexities of the real world. The current study is the first to apply an aversive conditioning framework to explain the formation of intergroup fear and subsequent anxiety toward, and avoidance of, the outgroup outside the laboratory. Two samples recalled details of their first negative encounter with an African American (N = 554) or Muslim (N = 613) individual, respectively. Congruent with learning theory, participants who reported an unpleasant event with an outgroup member reported more fear during the encounter than did those who did not report experiencing an unpleasant event. Additionally, the intensity of unpleasantness during the first encounter indirectly predicted outgroup avoidance, via retrospectively recalled fear and current levels of intergroup anxiety | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Xenophobia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a classical conditioning | |
| 650 | 4 | |a intergroup anxiety | |
| 650 | 4 | |a intergroup relations | |
| 650 | 4 | |a learning | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Neumann, David L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Duffy, Amanda L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Psychological reports |d 1965 |g 124(2021), 6 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 2587-2612 |w (DE-627)NLM000009415 |x 1558-691X |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:124 |g year:2021 |g number:6 |g day:01 |g month:12 |g pages:2587-2612 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294120965472 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 124 |j 2021 |e 6 |b 01 |c 12 |h 2587-2612 | ||