Grass secondary cell walls, Brachypodium distachyon as a model for discovery

© 2020 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2020 New Phytologist Trust..

A key aspect of plant growth is the synthesis and deposition of cell walls. In specific tissues and cell types including xylem and fibre, a thick secondary wall comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is deposited. Secondary cell walls provide a physical barrier that protects plants from pathogens, promotes tolerance to abiotic stresses and fortifies cells to withstand the forces associated with water transport and the physical weight of plant structures. Grasses have numerous cell wall features that are distinct from eudicots and other plants. Study of the model species Brachypodium distachyon as well as other grasses has revealed numerous features of the grass cell wall. These include the characterisation of xylosyl and arabinosyltransferases, a mixed-linkage glucan synthase and hydroxycinnamate acyltransferases. Perhaps the most fertile area for discovery has been the formation of lignins, including the identification of novel substrates and enzyme activities towards the synthesis of monolignols. Other enzymes function as polymerising agents or transferases that modify lignins and facilitate interactions with polysaccharides. The regulatory aspects of cell wall biosynthesis are largely overlapping with those of eudicots, but salient differences among species have been resolved that begin to identify the determinants that define grass cell walls.

Medienart:

E-Artikel

Erscheinungsjahr:

2020

Erschienen:

2020

Enthalten in:

Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:227

Enthalten in:

The New phytologist - 227(2020), 6 vom: 15. Sept., Seite 1649-1667

Sprache:

Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:

Coomey, Joshua H [VerfasserIn]
Sibout, Richard [VerfasserIn]
Hazen, Samuel P [VerfasserIn]

Links:

Volltext

Themen:

9004-34-6
9005-53-2
Brachypodium distachyon
Cellulose
Grass secondary cell wall
Hemicellulose
Journal Article
Lignin
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Review
Transcriptional regulation

Anmerkungen:

Date Completed 14.05.2021

Date Revised 14.05.2021

published: Print-Electronic

Citation Status MEDLINE

doi:

10.1111/nph.16603

funding:

Förderinstitution / Projekttitel:

PPN (Katalog-ID):

NLM308704681