Is khat use disorder a valid diagnostic entity?
© 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction..
AIMS: This study aimed to validate the presence of a khat use disorder syndrome using DSM-5 criteria and to examine its relationship with increased experience of harms.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional, purposive sample of current khat-chewers, recruited from khat markets and cafes.
SETTING: Participants were recruited from the general community and from Adama Science and Technology University in Ethiopia.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 400 current khat consumers aged 16 and above were recruited between September 2014 and January 2015 MEASURES: Survey comprising current clinical symptoms (using a modified Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV), and validated measures of health, psychological distress, quality of life and academic functioning.
FINDINGS: A third [35.5% 95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.0-40.3] of respondents reported daily khat use and a quarter (25.4% 95% CI = 21.4-30.0) using three times or more per week. Using DSM-5 criteria, 10.5% (95% CI = 7.9-13.9) were categorized as experiencing mild, 8.8% (95% CI = 6.4-12.0) moderate and 54.5% (95% CI = 49.6-59.3) severe khat use disorder. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit of symptoms to a single underlying construct, consistent with other substance use disorders. Individuals categorized as experiencing khat use disorder demonstrated significantly greater frequency [odds ratio (OR) = 45.29; 95% CI = 10.97-19.01) and quantity of khat use (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.29-4.29). They also demonstrated increased financial problems associated with use, greater problems with academic functioning and higher rates of self-reported mental health problems, higher psychological distress and poorer quality of life. Treatment access was poor, with only one-third (32.9%) of individuals with khat use disorder reporting life-time access, near-exclusively related to help-seeking from friends and relatives.
CONCLUSION: The construct of a substance use disorder syndrome for khat using DSM-5 criteria appears valid and performs in a manner consistent with other substances of dependence. Individuals with khat use disorder experience substantial problems in association with khat use. Despite this, there are low levels of help-seeking for these problems.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2016 |
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| Erschienen: |
2016 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:111 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Addiction (Abingdon, England) - 111(2016), 9 vom: 14. Sept., Seite 1666-76 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Duresso, Samson W [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Catha |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 19.01.2018 Date Revised 18.09.2018 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1111/add.13421 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM259238708 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Duresso, Samson W |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Is khat use disorder a valid diagnostic entity? |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 18.09.2018 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction. | ||
| 520 | |a AIMS: This study aimed to validate the presence of a khat use disorder syndrome using DSM-5 criteria and to examine its relationship with increased experience of harms | ||
| 520 | |a DESIGN: Cross-sectional, purposive sample of current khat-chewers, recruited from khat markets and cafes | ||
| 520 | |a SETTING: Participants were recruited from the general community and from Adama Science and Technology University in Ethiopia | ||
| 520 | |a PARTICIPANTS: A total of 400 current khat consumers aged 16 and above were recruited between September 2014 and January 2015 MEASURES: Survey comprising current clinical symptoms (using a modified Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV), and validated measures of health, psychological distress, quality of life and academic functioning | ||
| 520 | |a FINDINGS: A third [35.5% 95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.0-40.3] of respondents reported daily khat use and a quarter (25.4% 95% CI = 21.4-30.0) using three times or more per week. Using DSM-5 criteria, 10.5% (95% CI = 7.9-13.9) were categorized as experiencing mild, 8.8% (95% CI = 6.4-12.0) moderate and 54.5% (95% CI = 49.6-59.3) severe khat use disorder. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit of symptoms to a single underlying construct, consistent with other substance use disorders. Individuals categorized as experiencing khat use disorder demonstrated significantly greater frequency [odds ratio (OR) = 45.29; 95% CI = 10.97-19.01) and quantity of khat use (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.29-4.29). They also demonstrated increased financial problems associated with use, greater problems with academic functioning and higher rates of self-reported mental health problems, higher psychological distress and poorer quality of life. Treatment access was poor, with only one-third (32.9%) of individuals with khat use disorder reporting life-time access, near-exclusively related to help-seeking from friends and relatives | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: The construct of a substance use disorder syndrome for khat using DSM-5 criteria appears valid and performs in a manner consistent with other substances of dependence. Individuals with khat use disorder experience substantial problems in association with khat use. Despite this, there are low levels of help-seeking for these problems | ||
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