Biofilm Formation and Phenotypic Detection of ESBL, MBL, KPC and AmpC Enzymes and Their Coexistence in <i<Klebsiella</i< spp. Isolated at the National Reference Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal

<i<Klebsiella</i< spp. are associated with several nosocomial and opportunistic infections. Increasing antimicrobial resistance of <i<Klebsiella</i< species is aggravated by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The main aim of this study is to determine antimicrobial resistance due to production of β-lactamase enzymes, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) and AmpC and <i<Klebsiella pneumoniae</i< carbapenemase (KPC) and biofilm formation in <i<Klebsiella</i< isolates. A total of 2197 non-duplicate specimens of urine, sputum and pus were obtained from the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Kathmandu, Nepal, between February and August 2019. <i<Klebsiella</i< species were isolated, identified and screened for antimicrobial susceptibility testing with the disk diffusion method. Phenotypic detection of ESBL, MBL, KPC and AmpC production was observed and biofilm production was detected by the microtiter plate method. Out of a total of 2197 clinical specimens, bacterial growth was detected in 8% (175/2197) of the specimens. Of the total isolates, 86.3% (151/175) were Gram-negative bacteria and 37.7% (57/151) were <i<Klebsiella</i< spp. Of the total <i<Klebsiella</i< spp., 56% (32/57) were multi drug resistant (MDR), 16% (9/57) were ESBL, 26% (15/57) were MBL, 4% (2/57) were KPC (class A carbapenemase), 16% (9/57) were AmpC producers and 95% (54/57) were biofilm producers. Gentamicin was the most effective antibiotic, followed by cotrimoxazole, as 68% (39/57) and 47% (27/57) of the <i<Klebsiella</i< isolates were susceptible towards these drugs, respectively. The study results show evidence of β-lactamase production, high prevalence of MDR and biofilm producing <i<Klebsiella</i< species. Integrating the test parameters for phenotypic confirmation of ESBL, MBL, AmpC β lactamase and KPC in routine diagnostic procedures can help in the early detection and management of these resistant strains..

Media Type:

Electronic Article

Year of Publication:

2021

Publication:

2021

Contained In:

To Main Record - volume:12

Contained In:

Microbiology Research - 12(2021), 3, Seite 683-697

Language:

English

Contributors:

Susmita Kuinkel [Author]
Jyoti Acharya [Author]
Binod Dhungel [Author]
Sanjib Adhikari [Author]
Nabaraj Adhikari [Author]
Upendra Thapa Shrestha [Author]
Megha Raj Banjara [Author]
Komal Raj Rijal [Author]
Prakash Ghimire [Author]

Links:

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Keywords:

AmpC β-lactamase (ABL)
Antimicrobial resistance
Biofilm
Carbapenemase
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)
Microbiology
Multi drug resistant (MDR)

doi:

10.3390/microbiolres12030049

funding:

Supporting institution / Project title:

PPN (Catalogue-ID):

DOAJ086123939